Idan ya zo ga yin kwalabe, abu na farko da mutane ke tunanin shi ne ƙirar farko, mold, bakin baki da mold na ƙasa. Duk da cewa busa kan shi ma dan gidan mold ne, saboda kankantarsa da arha, shi ma karamin danginsa ne kuma bai ja hankalin mutane ba. Ko da yake busa kai karami ne, ba za a iya raina aikinsa ba. Yana da sanannen aiki. Yanzu bari muyi magana game da shi:
Numfashi nawa ne a cikin busa ɗaya?
Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, aikin busa kai shi ne hura matsewar iska a cikin farfesa ta yadda za ta yi ta kumbura sannan ta fito, amma don yin hadin gwiwa da thermobottle din da ke busa kai, ana hura iska da dama a ciki da waje, duba. Hoto 1.
Zane kwalban gilashi
Bari mu kalli wane irin iska ke cikin hanyar busa:
1. Ƙarshe Ƙarshe: Busa tushe na farko don sanya shi kusa da ganuwar hudu da kasa na mold, kuma a ƙarshe sanya siffar kwalban thermo;
2. Qarewa daga cikin kwandon: Fitar da iska daga cikin kwalbar zafi zuwa waje ta ratar da ke tsakanin bakin kwalbar da bututun busa, sannan ta cikin farantin shayarwa don ci gaba da fitar da zafi a cikin kwalbar zafi zuwa waje. Na'ura don cimma Cimma sanyaya a cikin thermos yana samar da iskar gas na ciki (Cooling na ciki) na thermos, kuma wannan sanyayawar shayewa yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin hanyar busa & busa;
3. An haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa bakin kwalban daga ɓangaren busa mai kyau. Wannan iskar ita ce don kare bakin kwalbar daga nakasa. Ana kiransa Equalizing Air a cikin masana'antar;
4. Ƙarshen fuskar busa kai gabaɗaya yana da ƙaramin rami ko ƙaramin rami, wanda ake amfani da shi don fitar da iskar gas (Vent) a bakin kwalban;
5. Kore ta tabbataccen busa ƙarfi, da inflated blank yana kusa da mold. A wannan lokacin, iskar gas ɗin da ke cikin sarari tsakanin babur da ƙura yana matsewa kuma ya wuce ta cikin ramin shaye-shaye ko vacuum ejector. a waje (Mold Vented) don hana iskar gas ƙirƙirar matashin iska a cikin wannan sarari kuma rage saurin haɓakawa.
Masu biyowa kaɗan ne kan mahimman abubuwan ci da shaye-shaye.
2. Inganta busa mai kyau:
Mutane sukan tambayi don ƙara sauri da inganci na injin, kuma amsar mai sauƙi ita ce: kawai ƙara matsa lamba na busa mai kyau kuma ana iya warware shi.
Amma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Idan muna busa iska tare da babban matsa lamba daga farkon, saboda farkon mold blank ba a cikin lamba tare da mold bango a wannan lokaci, kuma kasan mold ba ya riƙe blank. Bangon yana haifar da babban tasiri mai tasiri, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa ga blank. Sabili da haka, lokacin da busa mai kyau ya fara, ya kamata a busa shi tare da ƙananan iska da farko, don haka farar fata na farko ya busa sama kuma kusa da bango da kasa na mold. iskar gas, samar da sanyaya mai yawo a cikin thermos. Tsarin ingantawa shine kamar haka: .
1 A farkon busa mai kyau, busa mai kyau yana busa fanko sannan ya manne da bangon ƙirar. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarancin iska (misali 1.2kg/cm²) a wannan matakin, wanda ke lissafin kusan 30% na ingantaccen lokacin lokacin busawa,
2. A cikin mataki na ƙarshe, ana aiwatar da lokacin sanyi na ciki na thermos. Kyakkyawan busa iska na iya amfani da matsanancin iska (kamar 2.6kg / cm²), kuma rarraba a cikin lokacin shine kusan 70%. Yayin da ake hura matsi mai ƙarfi a cikin iskar thermos, yayin da ake hurawa zuwa wajen injin don kwantar da hankali.
Wannan hanyar inganta matakan matakai biyu na ingantaccen busawa ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da samuwar thermobottle ta hanyar busa komai na farko ba, amma kuma cikin sauri yana fitar da zafin thermobottle a cikin injin zuwa waje na na'ura.
Tushen Ka'ida Uku don Ƙarfafa Fitar da kwalabe na thermal
Wasu mutane za su yi tambaya don ƙara saurin, idan dai ana iya ƙara yawan iska mai sanyaya?
A gaskiya, ba haka ba ne. Mun san cewa bayan an sanya gyambon farko a cikin kwandon, zafin jiki na ciki har yanzu yana da girma kamar 1160 ° C [1], wanda kusan daidai yake da zafin gob. Don haka, domin kara saurin na’urar, baya ga kara yawan iska mai sanyaya, kuma ya zama dole a fitar da zafin da ke cikin thermos, wanda yana daya daga cikin mabudin hana nakasar thermos da kuma kara saurin saurin inji.
Bisa ga bincike da bincike na asali na kamfanin Emhart, zafi mai zafi a wurin gyare-gyaren shine kamar haka: 42% zafi mai zafi yana da kashi 42% (An canza shi zuwa mold), ƙananan zafi na kasa yana da kashi 16% (Bottom Plate). tabbataccen busa zafin zafi yana da lissafin 22% (Lokacin Ƙarshe na Ƙarshe), convection Rarraba zafi yana lissafin 13% (convective), da kuma sanyaya zafi na ciki yana lissafin 7% (Cooling Internal) [2].
Ko da yake sanyaya na ciki da zafi mai zafi na ingantacciyar iska mai hurawa kawai tana da kashi 7%, wahalar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin sanyaya zafin jiki a cikin thermos. Yin amfani da sake zagayowar sanyaya na ciki shine kawai hanya, kuma sauran hanyoyin sanyaya suna da wuya a maye gurbinsu. Wannan tsarin sanyaya yana da amfani musamman ga kwalabe masu sauri da kauri.
Bisa ga binciken asali na kamfanin Emhart, idan zafin da ake fitarwa daga thermos zai iya ƙaruwa da kashi 130%, yuwuwar haɓaka saurin injin ya wuce 10% bisa ga nau'ikan kwalabe daban-daban. (Asali: Gwaji da kwaikwaiyo a Cibiyar Nazarin Gilashin Emhart (EGRC) sun tabbatar da cewa za a iya haɓaka hakar zafi na gilashin ciki har zuwa 130%. saurin haɓaka yuwuwar fiye da 10%.) [2]. Ana iya ganin yadda mahimmancin sanyaya a cikin thermos yake!
Ta yaya zan iya fitar da ƙarin zafi daga thermos?
An tsara farantin ramin shaye-shaye don ma'aikacin injin kwalba don daidaita girman iskar gas. Farantin madauwari ce mai ramuka 5-7 na diamita daban-daban da aka haƙa a kai kuma an kafa shi a kan baƙar busa iska ko kan iska tare da sukurori. Mai amfani zai iya daidaita girman ramin huɗa bisa ga girman, tsari da tsarin yin kwalabe na samfurin.
2 Dangane da bayanin da ke sama, inganta lokacin sanyaya lokacin sanyi (Cooling na ciki) yayin busawa mai kyau na iya ƙara matsa lamba na iska mai matsa lamba da haɓaka saurin da tasirin sanyayawar shayewa.
3 Yi ƙoƙarin tsawaita ingantaccen lokacin busa akan lokacin lantarki,
4 A lokacin aikin busawa, ana jujjuya iskar don inganta iyawarsa ko amfani da "iska mai sanyi" don busawa, da dai sauransu. Waɗanda ƙwararru a wannan fagen suna ci gaba da bincika sabbin fasahohi.
Yi hankali:
A cikin hanyar latsawa da busa, tunda ana buga naushi kai tsaye a cikin ruwan gilashin, naushin yana da tasirin sanyaya mai ƙarfi, kuma zafin bangon ciki na thermos ya ragu sosai, kusan ƙasa da 900 ° C [1]. A wannan yanayin, Ba matsala ba ne na sanyaya da zafi mai zafi, amma don kula da zafin jiki a cikin thermos, don haka ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga hanyoyin magani daban-daban don matakai daban-daban na yin kwalban.
4. Overall tsawo na iko kwalban
Ganin wannan batu, wasu mutane za su tambayi cewa tsayin kwalban gilashin shine mutuwa + mold, wanda da alama ba shi da alaƙa da busa kai. Hasali ma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Mai yin kwalabe ya dandana shi: lokacin da busa kai ya busa iska a lokacin tsaka-tsaki da dare, jan thermos zai motsa sama a karkashin aikin da aka matsa, kuma nisa na wannan motsi yana canza kwalban gilashi. tsawo na. A wannan lokacin, dabarar tsayin kwalban gilashi ya kamata a canza zuwa: Mold + Molding + Nisa daga kwalban zafi. Jimlar tsayin kwalban gilashin yana da tabbaci ta hanyar zurfin haƙuri na ƙarshen fuskar busa kai. Tsayin zai iya wuce misali.
Akwai abubuwa guda biyu don jawo hankali a cikin tsarin samarwa:
1. Busa kai yana sawa da kwalba mai zafi. Lokacin da aka gyara ƙirar, ana yawan ganin cewa akwai da'irar alamomi masu siffar bakin kwalba a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙirar. Idan alamar ta yi zurfi sosai, zai shafi tsayin kwalban gaba ɗaya (kwalban zai yi tsayi da yawa), duba Hoto na 3 hagu. Yi hankali don sarrafa juriya lokacin gyarawa. Wani kamfani kuma ya sanya zobe (Stopper Ring) a cikinsa, wanda ke amfani da ƙarfe ko kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kuma ana canza shi akai-akai don tabbatar da tsayin kwalbar gilashin.
Busa kai akai-akai yana motsawa sama da ƙasa a babban mita don danna kan mold, kuma ƙarshen fuskar busa kai yana sawa na dogon lokaci, wanda kuma a kaikaice zai shafi tsayin kwalban. Rayuwar sabis, tabbatar da jimlar tsayin kwalban gilashi.
5. Dangantaka tsakanin aikin busa kai da lokaci mai alaƙa
An yi amfani da lokacin lantarki sosai a cikin injinan kera kwalabe na zamani, kuma saman iska da busa mai kyau suna da jerin alaƙa da wasu ayyuka:
1 Ƙarshe A kunne
Ya kamata a ƙayyade lokacin buɗewa na busa mai kyau bisa ga girman da siffar kwalban gilashi. Buɗewar busawa mai kyau shine 5-10 ° daga baya na busa kai.
Busa kai yana da ɗan tasirin daidaitawar kwalban
A kan wasu tsofaffin injunan kera kwalabe, tasirin buɗaɗɗen ƙwayar huhu da rufewa ba shi da kyau, kuma kwalbar zafi za ta girgiza hagu da dama lokacin da aka buɗe ƙirar. Za mu iya yanke iska a ƙarƙashin shugaban iska lokacin da aka buɗe ƙirar, amma ba a kunna iska a kan iska ba. A wannan lokacin, shugaban iska yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kan ƙirar, kuma lokacin da aka buɗe samfurin, yana haifar da ɗan ja da ja da iska. karfi, wanda zai iya taka rawar taimakawa buɗaɗɗen ƙira da buffering. Lokacin shine: shugaban iska yana kusan 10° daga baya buɗaɗɗen ƙirar.
Saitin bakwai na busa tsayin kai
Lokacin da muka saita matakin shugaban gas, aikin gabaɗaya shine:
1 Bayan an rufe gyare-gyaren, ba zai yuwu ba saman iska ya nutse lokacin da aka taɓa bakin kai mai hurawa. Rashin dacewa yakan haifar da tazara tsakanin iska da kuma m.
2 Lokacin da aka buɗe ƙirar, buga sashin busa kai zai sa busa kan ya zurfafa sosai, yana haifar da injin busa da kuma damuwa da ƙirar. A sakamakon haka, injin zai hanzarta lalacewa ko haifar da lalacewa. A kan na'urar yin kwalabe na gob, ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da na'urorin busawa na musamman (Set-up Blowheads), waɗanda suka fi guntu fiye da kan iska na yau da kullun (Run Blowheads), game da sifili zuwa debe zero.8 mm. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da saitin tsayin kan iska bisa ga cikakkun bayanai kamar girman, tsari da hanyar samar da samfurin.
Fa'idodin yin amfani da saitin kan gas:
1 Saitin sauri yana adana lokaci,
2 Saitin hanyar inji, wanda yake daidai da daidaitaccen tsari,
3 Saitunan Uniform suna rage lahani,
4 Yana iya rage lalacewar tsarin yin kwalabe da ƙira.
Lura cewa lokacin amfani da kan gas ɗin don saitawa, yakamata a sami alamun bayyanannu, kamar fenti na fili ko kwarkwata da lambobi masu kama ido, da sauransu, don guje wa ruɗani tare da kan gas ɗin na yau da kullun kuma haifar da asara bayan kuskuren shigar da kwalban. yin inji.
8. Calibration kafin a sanya kai mai busa akan injin
Busa kai ya haɗa da busawa mai kyau (Ƙarshen Ƙarshe), shayewar sake zagayowar (Exhaust Air), busa shuɗin ƙarshen fuska (Vent) da daidaita iska (Equalizing Air) yayin ingantaccen aikin busawa. Tsarin yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma yana da mahimmanci, kuma yana da wahala a kiyaye shi da ido tsirara. Don haka, ana ba da shawarar cewa bayan sabon na'urar busa ko gyare-gyare, yana da kyau a gwada shi da kayan aiki na musamman don bincika ko bututun ci da shaye-shaye na kowane tashar suna da santsi, don tabbatar da cewa tasirin ya kai matsakaicin darajar. Kamfanonin kasashen waje na gaba ɗaya suna da kayan aiki na musamman don tantancewa. Hakanan zamu iya yin na'ura mai dacewa da iskar gas bisa ga yanayin gida, wanda ya fi dacewa. Idan abokan aiki suna da sha'awar wannan, za su iya komawa zuwa wani lamban kira [4]: HANYA DA KYAUTA DOMIN GWADA BUSHARA DAYA A Intanet.
9 Matsalolin da ke da alaƙa na kan gas
Lalacewar saboda rashin kyawun saitin bugu da bugun kai:
1 Busa Ƙarshe
Bayyanawa: Bakin kwalbar yana fitowa (ƙumburi), dalilin: ma'aunin iska na busa kai yana toshe ko ba ya aiki.
2 Matsakaicin Rubutun Rufe
Bayyanar: Tsage-tsalle mai zurfi a saman gefen bakin kwalban, yana haifar da: Fuskar ƙarshen ciki na busa kai yana sawa sosai, kuma kwalban zafi yana motsawa sama lokacin da ake busawa, kuma yana haifar da tasiri.
3 Lankwasa wuya
Aiki: Wuyan kwalban yana karkata kuma ba madaidaiciya ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne yadda iskan da ke busa kan ba ta da santsi don fitar da zafi kuma ba a gama fitar da zafi ba, kuma kwalbar zafi tana da laushi da nakasu bayan an danne shi.
4 Alamar bututu
Alamomi: Akwai karce a bangon ciki na wuyan kwalbar. Dalili: Kafin busawa, bututun busa yana taɓa alamar busa bututu da aka kafa akan bangon ciki na kwalbar.
5 Ba Jiki Ba
Alamun: Rashin isashen halittar jikin kwalbar. Dalilai: Rashin isassun iskar iska ko gajeriyar lokacin busawa mai kyau, toshewar shaye-shaye ko daidaitawar ramukan shayewar farantin.
6 Ba a busa kafada
Ayyuka: Gilashin gilashin ba a cika shi ba, yana haifar da nakasar kafadar kwalban. Dalilai: rashin isasshen sanyaya a cikin kwalabe mai zafi, toshewar shaye-shaye ko daidaitawar rami mara kyau na farantin shaye-shaye, da kuma kafada mai laushi na kwalabe mai zafi sags.
7 A tsaye marar cancanta (Kwalban lanƙwasa) (LEANER)
Aiki: Bambancin tsakanin tsakiyar layin kwalban da layin tsaye na kasan kwalban, dalilin: sanyaya cikin kwalbar zafi bai isa ba, yana haifar da kwalabe mai zafi ya yi laushi sosai, kuma kwalban zafi shine. karkatar da shi gefe guda, yana haifar da karkacewa daga tsakiya kuma ya lalace.
Abin da ke sama ra'ayina ne kawai, don Allah a gyara min.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-28-2022