Gilashin fayyace galibi ana amfani da kayan albarkatun sinadarai masu taimako wajen samar da gilashi. Duk wani danyen abu wanda zai iya rubewa (gasify) a babban zafin jiki yayin aikin narkewar gilashin don samar da iskar gas ko rage dankon ruwan gilashin don inganta kawar da kumfa a cikin ruwan gilashin ana kiransa mai bayyanawa. Dangane da tsarin bayanin gilashin, ana iya raba shi zuwa: oxide Clarifier (wanda aka fi sani da: bayanin oxygen), clarifier sulfate (wanda aka fi sani da: sulfur clarification), clarifier halide (wanda aka fi sani da: halogen clarification) da clarifier composite. wanda aka fi sani da: Compound Clarification).
1. Oxide Clarifier
Oxide clarifiers galibi sun haɗa da farin arsenic, antimony oxide, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, da cerium oxide.
1. Farin arsenic
Farin arsenic, wanda kuma aka sani da arsenous anhydride, wakili ne mai fayyace da aka saba amfani da shi tare da kyakkyawan tasirin bayani. An fi saninsa da "Karki Mai Bayyanawa" a cikin masana'antar gilashi. Amma dole ne a yi amfani da farin arsenic tare da nitrate don cimma sakamako mai kyau na bayani. Farin arsenic yana ɗan narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma cikin sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi. Yana da guba sosai. Farin lu'ulu'u ne ko wani abu mai gilashin amorphous. A matsayin abin da ya haifar da narkewar zinari, launin toka na arsenic sau da yawa yana da launin toka, launin toka ko launin toka-baki. Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman wakili mai bayyanawa. arsenic. Lokacin da farin arsenic ya yi zafi zuwa fiye da digiri 400, zai haifar da arsenic pentoxide tare da iskar oxygen da nitrate ya saki a babban zafin jiki. Lokacin da aka yi zafi zuwa digiri 1300, arsenic penoxide zai rushe don samar da trioxide na arsenic, wanda ke rage yawan matsa lamba na gas a cikin gilashin gilashi. Yana da kyau ga ci gaban kumfa kuma yana hanzarta kawar da kumfa, don cimma manufar bayani.
Adadin farin arsenic gabaɗaya shine 0.2% -0.6% na adadin adadin, kuma adadin nitrate da aka gabatar shine sau 4-8 adadin farin arsenic. Yin amfani da farin arsenic da yawa ba kawai yana ƙara haɓaka ba, har ma yana lalata muhalli kuma yana cutar da jikin ɗan adam. 0.06 grams na farin arsenic na iya haifar da mutuwa. Don haka, lokacin amfani da farin arsenic, ya kamata a sanya mutum na musamman don adana shi don hana abubuwan da ke haifar da guba. Gilashin tare da farin arsenic a matsayin mai bayyanawa yana da sauƙi don ragewa da kuma baƙar fata gilashin yayin aikin fitilar, don haka farin arsenic ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kadan ko a'a a cikin gilashin fitila.
2. Antimony oxide
Tasirin bayani na antimony oxide yayi kama da na farin arsenic, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi tare da nitrate. Bayyanawa da lalata zafin jiki na amfani da maganin antimony oxide yayi ƙasa da na farin arsenic, don haka ana amfani da antimony oxide azaman wakili mai fayyace lokacin narkewar gilashin gubar. A cikin gilashin siliki na soda lemun tsami, 0.2% antimony oxide da 0.4% farin arsenic ana amfani da su azaman masu bayyanawa, wanda ke da sakamako mafi kyau na bayani kuma zai iya hana haɓakar kumfa na biyu.
3. Nitrate
Nitrate kadai ba kasafai ake amfani da shi azaman wakili mai bayyanawa a cikin gilashin ba, kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya azaman mai ba da gudummawar iskar oxygen a haɗe da m valence oxides.
4. Cerium dioxide
Cerium dioxide yana da zafin bazuwa mafi girma kuma shine mafi kyawun wakili mai fayyace, wanda ake amfani dashi a matsayin ɗanyen abu. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai bayyanawa, ba ya buƙatar haɗa shi da nitrate, kuma yana iya sakin iskar oxygen da kansa a babban zafin jiki don saurin bayani. Don rage farashin, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa tare da sulfate a cikin samar da bukukuwan gilashi don cimma sakamako mai kyau na bayani.
2. Sulfate clarifier
Sulfates da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gilashin sune galibi sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, da sulfate tare da yawan bazuwar zafin jiki, wanda shine babban bayani mai zafi. Lokacin da ake amfani da sulfate a matsayin wakili mai bayyanawa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi tare da nitrate wakili na oxidizing, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi tare da wakili mai ragewa don hana sulfate daga lalacewa a ƙananan zafin jiki ba. Sulfate yawanci ana amfani dashi a gilashin kwalba da gilashin lebur, kuma adadin sa shine 1.0% -1.5% na tsari.
3. Halide mai bayyanawa wakili
Musamman sun hada da fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride da sauransu. Fluoride shine yafi fluorite da sodium fluorosilicate. Adadin fluorite da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai fayyace gabaɗaya ana ƙididdige shi bisa ga 0.5% fluorine da aka gabatar a cikin tsari. Babban adadin sodium fluorosilicate shine 0.4% -0.6% na adadin sodium oxide a cikin gilashin. A lokacin narkewar fluoride, wani ɓangare na fluorine zai haifar da hydrogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, da sodium fluoride. Gubar sa ya fi na sulfur dioxide girma. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin yanayi lokacin amfani da shi. Haɓakawa da haɓakawa na sodium chloride a babban zafin jiki na iya haɓaka bayanin ruwan gilashin. Babban sashi shine 1.3% -3.5% na kayan tsari. Da yawa zai emulsify gilashin. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi azaman mai bayyanawa don gilashin da ke ɗauke da boron.
Hudu, fili mai bayyanawa
Mai haɗawa mai haɗawa galibi yana amfani da fa'idodin fa'ida guda uku na bayanin iskar oxygen, bayanin sulfur da bayanin halogen a cikin wakili mai fayyace, kuma yana ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga tasirin daidaitawa da haɓakar ukun, wanda zai iya cimma tasirin ci gaba da fayyace kuma yana haɓaka bayanin sosai. iyawa. Wannan bayani guda daya ne. Wakilin ba ya misaltuwa. Dangane da matakin ci gaba, akwai: ƙarni na farko na masu faɗowa masu haɗaɗɗiya, ƙarni na biyu na ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kuma ƙarni na uku. An kuma kira ƙarni na uku na masu fayyace haɗe-haɗe kuma ana kiransu da sabon ƙarni na masu fayyace abubuwan da suka dace da muhalli, waɗanda suke kore da muhalli. An san shi don amincinsa da ingancinsa, shine makomar ci gaba na gaba na masana'antun sarrafa gilashin gilashi da kuma yanayin da ba zai yiwu ba na cimma abubuwan da ba su da arsenic a cikin masana'antar gilashi. Matsakaicin adadin shine 0.4% -0.6% na tsari. An yi amfani da madaidaicin fili a cikin gilashin kwalban, ƙwallan gilashi (matsakaici alkali, alkali-free), gilashin magani, gilashin hasken wutar lantarki, gilashin lantarki, gilashin-ceramics da sauran tabarau. Kayayyakin masana'antu.
2. Sulfate clarifier
Sulfates da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gilashin sune galibi sodium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, da sulfate tare da yawan bazuwar zafin jiki, wanda shine babban bayani mai zafi. Lokacin da ake amfani da sulfate a matsayin wakili mai bayyanawa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi tare da nitrate wakili na oxidizing, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi tare da wakili mai ragewa don hana sulfate daga lalacewa a ƙananan zafin jiki ba. Sulfate yawanci ana amfani dashi a gilashin kwalba da gilashin lebur, kuma adadin sa shine 1.0% -1.5% na tsari.
3. Halide mai bayyanawa wakili
Musamman sun hada da fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride da sauransu. Fluoride shine yafi fluorite da sodium fluorosilicate. Adadin fluorite da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai fayyace gabaɗaya ana ƙididdige shi bisa ga 0.5% fluorine da aka gabatar a cikin tsari. Babban adadin sodium fluorosilicate shine 0.4% -0.6% na adadin sodium oxide a cikin gilashin. A lokacin narkewar fluoride, wani ɓangare na fluorine zai haifar da hydrogen fluoride, silicon fluoride, da sodium fluoride. Gubar sa ya fi na sulfur dioxide girma. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin yanayi lokacin amfani da shi. Haɓakawa da haɓakawa na sodium chloride a babban zafin jiki na iya haɓaka bayanin ruwan gilashin. Babban sashi shine 1.3% -3.5% na kayan tsari. Da yawa zai emulsify gilashin. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi azaman mai bayyanawa don gilashin da ke ɗauke da boron.
Hudu, fili mai bayyanawa
Mai haɗawa mai haɗawa galibi yana amfani da fa'idodin fa'ida guda uku na bayanin iskar oxygen, bayanin sulfur da bayanin halogen a cikin wakili mai fayyace, kuma yana ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga tasirin daidaitawa da haɓakar ukun, wanda zai iya cimma tasirin ci gaba da fayyace kuma yana haɓaka bayanin sosai. iyawa. Wannan bayani guda daya ne. Wakilin ba ya misaltuwa. Dangane da matakin ci gaba, akwai: ƙarni na farko na masu faɗowa masu haɗaɗɗiya, ƙarni na biyu na ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kuma ƙarni na uku. An kuma kira ƙarni na uku na masu fayyace haɗe-haɗe kuma ana kiransu da sabon ƙarni na masu fayyace abubuwan da suka dace da muhalli, waɗanda suke kore da muhalli. An san shi don amincinsa da ingancinsa, shine makomar ci gaba na gaba na masana'antun sarrafa gilashin gilashi da kuma yanayin da ba zai yiwu ba na cimma abubuwan da ba su da arsenic a cikin masana'antar gilashi. Matsakaicin adadin shine 0.4% -0.6% na tsari. An yi amfani da madaidaicin fili a cikin gilashin kwalban, ƙwallan gilashi (matsakaici alkali, alkali-free), gilashin magani, gilashin hasken wutar lantarki, gilashin lantarki, gilashin-ceramics da sauran tabarau. Kayayyakin masana'antu.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-06-2021