A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, masu bincike a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chalmers da ke Sweden sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in gilashi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da dorewa tare da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da magunguna, na'urorin zamani na dijital da fasahar hasken rana. Binciken ya nuna cewa yadda ake hada kwayoyin halitta da yawa (har zuwa takwas a lokaci guda) na iya samar da wani abu da ke aiki mai kyau kamar yadda mafi kyawun nau'ikan gilashin da aka sani a halin yanzu.
Gilashi, wanda kuma aka sani da "amorphous m", abu ne wanda ba shi da tsari mai tsayi mai tsayi-ba ya samar da lu'ulu'u. A gefe guda, kayan crystalline kayan aiki ne tare da umarni da yawa da kuma maimaita alamu.
Abubuwan da muke kira "gilashi" a rayuwar yau da kullum yawanci sun dogara ne akan silica, amma gilashin ana iya yin shi da abubuwa daban-daban. Sabili da haka, masu bincike koyaushe suna sha'awar gano sababbin hanyoyin da za su ƙarfafa kayan aiki daban-daban don samar da wannan yanayin amorphous, wanda zai iya haifar da haɓaka sabbin tabarau tare da ingantattun kaddarorin da sabbin aikace-aikace. Sabon binciken da aka buga kwanan nan a cikin mujallar kimiyya "Ci gaban Kimiyya" yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaba don binciken.
Yanzu, ta hanyar haɗa kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, kwatsam mun buɗe yuwuwar ƙirƙirar sabbin kayan gilashin. Wadanda ke nazarin kwayoyin halitta sun san cewa yin amfani da cakuda kwayoyin halitta guda biyu ko uku na iya taimakawa wajen samar da gilashi, amma kadan ne za su iya tsammanin cewa kara yawan kwayoyin halitta zai samu irin wannan kyakkyawan sakamako, "in ji tawagar binciken. Farfesa Christian Müller na Sashen Chemistry da Injiniya na Jami’ar Ulms ya ce.
Sakamako mafi kyau ga kowane kayan samar da gilashi
Lokacin da ruwa ya yi sanyi ba tare da crystallization ba, an kafa gilashi, wani tsari da ake kira vitrification. Yin amfani da cakuɗen ƙwayoyin cuta biyu ko uku don haɓaka samuwar gilashi babban ra'ayi ne. Duk da haka, sakamakon haɗakar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta akan ikon samar da gilashi ya sami ɗan kulawa.
Masu binciken sun gwada cakuda nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan perylene guda takwas, wadanda kadai ke da babban tsinke - wannan sifa tana da alaƙa da sauƙi da kayan ke samar da gilashi. Amma haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa tare yana haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin ɓarna kuma yana samar da gilashi mai ƙarfi sosai tsohon tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi.
“Raguwar gilashin da muka yi a cikin bincikenmu ya yi ƙasa sosai, wanda ke wakiltar mafi kyawun iya ƙirƙirar gilashi. Mun auna ba kawai kowane kayan halitta ba amma har da polymers da kayan inorganic (kamar gilashin ƙarfe mai girma). Sakamakon ya fi kyau fiye da gilashin talakawa. Ƙarfin samar da gilashin gilashin taga yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun tsoffin gilashin da muka sani, "in ji Sandra Hultmark, ɗalibin digiri a Sashen Chemistry da Injiniyan Kimiyya kuma jagorar marubucin binciken.
Tsawaita rayuwar samfur kuma adana albarkatu
Mahimman aikace-aikace don ƙarin kwanciyar hankali gilashin kwayoyin halitta sune fasahar nuni kamar fuskar bangon waya OLED da fasahohin makamashi masu sabuntawa kamar kwayoyin halitta na hasken rana.
“OLEDs sun ƙunshi yadudduka na gilashin kwayoyin halitta masu fitar da haske. Idan sun fi kwanciyar hankali, yana iya ƙara ƙarfin OLED kuma a ƙarshe dorewar nunin, "in ji Sandra Hultmark.
Wani aikace-aikacen da zai iya amfana daga ƙarin kwanciyar hankali shine magunguna. Magungunan amorphous suna narkewa da sauri, wanda ke taimakawa da sauri sha kayan aiki mai aiki lokacin da aka sha. Don haka, yawancin kwayoyi suna amfani da nau'ikan magunguna masu yin gilashi. Ga kwayoyi, yana da mahimmanci cewa kayan vitreous ba ya yin crystallize na tsawon lokaci. Mafi kwanciyar hankali da maganin gilashin, mafi tsayin rayuwar maganin.
"Tare da karin gilashin tsayayye ko sabbin kayan samar da gilashi, za mu iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfura masu yawa, ta yadda za a ceci albarkatu da tattalin arziki," in ji Christian Müller.
"The vitrification na Xinyuanperylene cakuda tare da matsananci-low brittleness" da aka buga a cikin kimiyya mujallar "Science Ci gaban".
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-06-2021